阿西莫夫科幻小说叙事研究

科幻小说正式诞生于西方浪漫主义时代。它承袭了

西方文学中悠久的幻想传统,又揉合了近现代西方的

科学精神,成为科技时代特殊的文学形式。它所关注

的问题是科技进步可能对社会所造成的影响,尽管其

描绘的是一个幻想世界,但绝非象某些批评家所说的

那样是一种“遁世主义”,而是一种“思想文学”。

艾萨克·阿西莫夫(IsaaeAsimov,1920一1995)

是近代科幻小说中的巨匠,也是举世闻名的科普作家。

他一生著述颇丰,出版作品多达4叨多部,但真正莫

定他科幻小说家地位的作品却是他早期创作的两大系

列,即以《基地三部曲》为代表的基地系列和以《我,

机器人》为代表的机器人系列。前者以遥远的未来为

背景,融历史、哲学、社会学于一体,让人在感受浩

瀚庞大的宇宙画卷的同时,更能激发人们对未来世界

的想象和关注。后者明确提出了“机器人三定律”,演

绎出一个个引人入胜的故事,展现了一种·积极的科学

乐观主义精神。当然,阿西莫夫还有其他脍炙人口的

故事,但正是这两部代表作把他推到了科幻小说的巅

端,成为科幻小说“黄金时代”的中坚力量,开创了

科幻小说的新纪元。不幸的是,目前国内尚未形成对

科幻小说研究的风气,对阿西莫夫的研究更是罕见之

事。因此,本人决定对这一领域进行一次有意义的尝试,从小说主题和叙事技巧两个方面来探讨阿西莫夫

这两部力作的优缺点,以望有益于中国科幻小说的创

作和发展。

全文共分为五章,加上引言和结束语共七部分:

在引言中,本人阐述了研究科幻小说的来由以及

研究科幻小说的必要性和重要性。

第一章分析了科幻小说产生的背景、条件,界定

了其本质所在,并简要叙述了西方科幻小说发展的历

程。

第二章简述了阿西莫夫的生平、创作过程,重点

突出了他对科幻小说的杰出贡献,进而从整个科幻小

说发展的过程中来确定他的地位。

第三章从《基地三部曲》中的具体作品入手,详

细论述阿西莫夫所反映出来的宏大主题,揭示其隐含

在语言背后的哲学意蕴。

第四章具体阐释了《我,机器人》的真正用意,

分析其与先前机器人作品之间的不同之处,展示阿西

莫夫的科学乐观主义精神。

第五章从两部小说的叙事技巧入手,强调他对悬

念的灵活运用,突出他的语言风格以及对人物塑造方

面的独特之处,进而总结他前期创作的总体特点和历

史价值。

结束语是对本文的回顾与前瞻,在总结全文的基

拙上提出阿西莫夫科幻小说的局限与不足。Seiencefietion,beingasPeeialIiteraryformintheeraof

seienceandtechnology,wasformallyreeognizedinthe

PeriodofRomanticismintheWest,eombiningthetradition

of1maginationwiththeseientificsPirits.Itseoncern15

focusedonthesocietaleffeetstheteehnologicaladvanee

m1ghthavetaken.Thoughtheworlditdeseribes15a.ways

imagery,itshouldnotbesimPlyregardedas“escaPism”

justassomeeritiesindicate.Infact,itisa“literaturefu祖1of

thoughts”instead.

lssaeAsimov(1920~1995)15agreatmasterof3ejence

f1Ctionandknown15heasaseieneeWriterasWel!.He

Publishedmorethan400booksallthroughhisIifewhilethe

twoseries,theFoundationseriesandtheRobotseries

createdinhisearlyPeriodofcreation,establishedhisfame

asaninternationalseiencefictionWriter.刀,eF口undation

升刀09少,therePresentativeoneofthefoundationseriesset

againstafarawayfuture,15integratedwithhistory,

PhilosoPhyandsoeiology.NotonlyhavethePeoPIebeen

touehedbythegrandSceneSinthenovel,buthavebeen

attractedtocaremoreaboutthefutureofhumanbeings.l,

theRobo式therePresentativeoftheotherseries,has

e1earlyPutforwardtheThreeLawsofRoboticswithwhieh

heworkedoutstrikingstories,showingastrongseientifie

oPtimism.NodoubthisOtherstoriesdeservetobenoticed,

butit15thetwomasterPieeesabovethatPushedhimtothe

Peakofscieneefiction.HebeCamethecornerstoneforthe

PeriodoftheGoldenAgeinthehistoryofseiencefietion,

Pavingthewayforitsfurtheradvance.However,an

atmosPherehasnotyetbeenProdueedtostudyscience

f1etion;it15evenofararercasetotouchuPonAsimov,Thus,V

1venturetotryoutinthisfieldand,inParticular,dwello价

thetwoworksjustmentioned.Boththethemesandthe

narrativeskills,which,ifProPerlyIearnt,willalsobe

beneficialtothecreationanddeveloPmentofChinese

seiencefiction,arethemainasPeets1wanttoeover.

Th15thesisconsistsofsevenParts,includingforeword

andeonCIUsion:

TheforewordPointsoutthevaluesofseieneefietion,

andstateswhy1choosethistoPieasmysubjeetofstudy.

ChaPteroneanalysestheneeessarybackgroundsand

eonditionsforthebirthofseieneefiction,definingits

essenceandbrieflysummarizingthehistoryofwestern

SCienCefiCtion.

ChaPtertwotellstheIifeStoryofAsimovasWellasthe

featuresofhisereations.Hisgreatesteontributionstothe

genrearesingledout50thathisstatusshouldbeeonfirmed

againsttheframeofscjencefiction.

ChaPterthreeintroducessPecifieworkstobearoutthe

grandthemesAsimovhadPreParedwellinmindsinhTe

oFund白tionFTilog岁.ThePhiIOSoPhicalimPlicationbehind

theIanguage15aIS0d,iSCussedindetails.

ChaPterfour15thediscussionofthethemevariationsin

.1theRobot.Hisrobots,forthefirsttime,turnedouttobe

human’5friends,whieh15distinguishedfromtheothersand

showsAsjmov’5scientifjeoPtimjsm.

ChaPterfivemainlyeoncentratesonAsimov’5artistie

susPense.Anywork15comPosedofwordswhiledifferent

arrangementseanPresentVariousIanguagesty!es.Asimov

hadhisownwayofnarrationandeharaCterization,whieh15

eomPrehensivelyexaminedanddeelaredinorderto

summarizehisgeneralfeaturesandhistoriealvaluesinhis

ear!yPeriodofcreations.

Intheconelusion,1willsummarizethisPaPerand

addressAsimoV’s!imitationsincreations.CONTENTS

Acknowledgments

A七StraCt

Cont.lttS

ForeU甘ord

V!

1

ChaPteroneTheHistoryofwesternSeieneeFietion“””““”“””`”3

C卜aPterT,,oTheLifeStoyrofAsimovandTheOthers··…`…9

ChaPterThreeTheEverlastingFoundations”“`”`’·“`·`’··…”·14

C加aPterFourTheEverlastingRobots二“·“`”`”””“’“””’`”24

ChaPterFiveAsimov’5ArtisticSusPense···……`’·…“`’“’··…`’`36

Conclusion

BibliograPhy

·······

..·························································……61

·····················

……,···············……`·············……651

分枷戴曦藻殡姗戴雌

WHEN1wastwelveorthirteenyearsold,anaufltofminewho

gvaememyloveforbooksandPicturesPromisedtotakemeuPona

memorableexPedition.1wasto90withhertothetoPoftheMount

TaiinTai’ancity.

nAd50,oneifned即,themountain,50grandtoalittletimidboy,

stretchedouthisveinsandarms.“CometothetoP,”saidmyaunt,

“andanewworldawaitSus.”Beingfullofvigorandaxniety,I

couldhardlywaitanylonger.

Fortheifrsttimeinmylife1wasconfrontedbythePhenomenon

oftangiblenovelty.WhenwehadclimbeduPtothetoPofhte

mountain,1addedanotherdiscoverytomylimitedknowledgeof

tangibletiredness.However,1mightn’tvi血allyfeelthatasmyears

andeyes,no,myheartsandsoul,were50indulgentnewand

freshworld.Aboveuswashteendlesssky,50eloseastobeableto

begentlytouched.Belowuswashteeity一alittletoy一town,wllere

busyantswerehastilycrawlinghereandthere,eachoneintentuPon

hisorherParticularbusiness。andbeyondhtejumbleofstoneslay

htewidegreennessoftheoPencountry.Thenoiseofthetownhad

beenPuriifedandeleansedbythedistance.Therumblingofheavy

gusts,hteelinkingofwater,thehissingsoundoftheinsectsinthe

shrubs一allhadbeenblendedasoftlyurstlingwhisPerlikethe

farawayechoesbouncingfromtheancienttimes.

ItwasmyifrstglimPseofthebigworld。wllichhassince2

insPiredmetowonderaboutthePastmythaswellasthe句ture

myth

.

Sincethen,whenever1havehadtheoPPortunity,1havegone

tohtetoPofMountTaiandenjoyedmysel.fHowever,something

alwaysseemedtobemissingwithmyyearson.Then,oneday

wllen1cameacrossinastreetbookstandhTe凡〕undation,ascience

ifet豆onnovelwr豆ttenbyanunfam更1豆arwr止terAsimov,htesensations

ofmyifrstexPeriencetotheMountTaiwassuddenlybroughtback

tomymind.Thewideviewoftheworld,thescenery,theglorious

Past,wllich,inasudden,surroundedmeonallsides,instilled

mymindnewhoPesandcourage.UPtothen,1hadthoughtthat

scienceifction15theonlygenresuitableforchildren.1wasshocked

tolearnatthemomentthatthereshouldbesuchattractivenovel一

eventoanadultlikeme一thatturnedouttobeseienceifetion.

Fascinatedas1was,1st叭edreadingAsiniov,5worksoneafter

another,eaehProvidingmewitharefreshedmemoryofthePastand

renewedcouragetofacehtedailyroutines.Wereitnotforthem,I

wouldhvaeneverbeenabletorealizewhatrewardmyaunt’s

eXPeditionhadgiventome.

Therefore,1wasdeterminedtomakeastudyofAsimov’5wokrs.

It15noeasytasktocoverallhiswokrsashewrotemorethanfour

hundredones.Wllat1coulddo15toseleetandfocusonhistwo

masterPiecesasmyifrstattemPtaswellashteintroductiontothe

readers.tIwashardwork,butitrePaidinfulltheexertion.1knew

whatmyrewardwouldbeandofcourse,thereaderswereeXPected

togetthebeneiftsofthefullview.There15noeasywaytotake,but

youngfeetarestronganditcanbedonewihttileifrstglimPseof

scienceifctionhistoryinthewesternworld.3

ChaPterOne

TheHistoryofWesternSeieneeFietion

ScienceFictiondidnotfinditsfeetasanindePendentliteraryfrom

untiltheeraofRomanticisminthelatenineteenthcentury,whenit

wasProPelledthesPotlightbyagreatbtlrstofactivityinthe

realworldofscientiifcdiscovery.Railways,wirelesstelegraPhyand

countlessothermechanicalinventionsrevolutionizedthenatureof

societywithinaveryshortsPanoftime.CaPitalistindustrialization

broughtgreatsufferingstotheworldanddrewthewidesPreadand

dubiousattentiontothedeveloPmentoftechnology

.

PeoPlesought

differentwaystoletouttheirlong一bentanxietiesaboutwhatthe

worldwouldbewiththeraPiddeveloPmentoftechnologyinthe

future,which,tosomeextent,beeomesthemajorconcernsof

ScienceFietion.Meanwhile,thewestern“Fantasy,,traditionalso

eontributedtothisParticularliteraryform.Inthewesternliterary

history,manyasociety,whichtranscendedtherealityand

rePresentedtheidealfuture,wasimaginarilycreatedsuchasPlato’s

RePublic,ThomasMore’5Utopjaand50on.It15believableand

reasonablethatthethenwriterstookaftertheheritage,eombined

withPeoPle’5concernsandProdueedanewgenre:ScienceFiction.

AsitcanPortraytheimaginativeworldindetails,ithasalwaysbeen

accePtedasoneofthemostPowerfulforms,besidesmusic,Painting

andarchitecture,toreflectPeol〕le’5eontemPlationonhumanbeings

aswellastheirdestinies

.

ThemarkingnovelshouldcometoMary

Shelley’5rFankenslein.

Manycritics,however,elaimedthatFrankenstein15not

authenticscienceifetion,thatit15actuallyahorrorstory.The

reason15thattheyforgettoPlacethetaleintheerainwhichitwas4

written

,

AsPartofeducatedEuroPeansoeiety,MaryShelleyhad

beenexcitedbythenewlyPublicizeddiscoveriesofVoltaandothers

eoncerningelectricity.Nooneatthattimeunderstoodthisstrange

PhenomenonorrealizeditsPotential,butMaryShelleyuseditasthe

basisforherfamousPlot,atechniquewhichliesattheveryheartof

scienceifction

.

Duringthenexthundredyearsscienceifction

changedenormously,butattheheartofthegenreremainedthe

concePtofextraPolatingonaccePtedscientificideas、UnderherPen,

Frankenstein,anuglymonstermadebyascientistthrough

exPeriments,longedforlove,symPathy,comPassionfromhuman

beingswhilethereturnswerenothingbutIies,ifaudsandhatred.He

desPeratelyrevengedandwasexiledtotheArticintheend.The

confli￡tbetweenFrankensteinandhumanbeingsrePresentsnotonly

thenightmareshightechnologiesmightbringtotheworld,butalso

thedilemmahumansmightconfrontinthefuture.Seientists

challengetheAlmightytocreatehumanbeings,onlytoinduceifre

onthemselves.Thus,the“FrankensteinTerror,,hassincebecome

oneoftheimPortantthemesScienceFietionhasevertoucheduPon.

ThoughrFankensteinPavedthewaytotheliterarystage,

ScienceFictionstillexPeriencedalongPioneeringPeriodfrom1818

to1920

.

Theifrsttwodecadesofthe20`hcenturywereaboomtime

forsciencePoPularization.TheWrightbrothershadbuilttheirifrst

aircraft,Edisonhadbecomeahouseholdnameforhisinventions

andtheworldwasehangingfast

.

PoPularliteraturehadtoreflect

thosechangesandexPanduPonthem

.

Thegenrewaseharacterized

bydifferenttryoutsondifferentmaterialsduringthistime.Mostof

thesubjeetmattersoflatergenerations,suchasthehyPersPaee

travel,timetravel,eatastroPhe,hadalreadybeenattemPted.Among

themanyoutstandingwriters,twomustbementionedhere:Jule

VerneandH

.

G

.

Wells.Verne,aFrenchman,thoughthighlyof

science,PursuingthecomPlicatedPlotsandthegrandhigh一tech

scenesinhiswritings.Besides,heParticularlyemPhasizedtobuild

uPstrikingscientiifcfantasiesbasedontheestablishedscientiife5

achievements,andsincerelybelievedthattheforesightswould

Probablycometruesomeday

.

HisworkssuchasFive两ekson

Balloon,wTenythTousandsiMlesnUder7火e二兮。a,areworthreading

eventoday.H.G.Wells,anEnglishman,wasjustonthecontrary.He

dePictedinthisworksthenegativeinfluenceoftechnologyon

soeiety,focusingontheirliterarinessandexPressingasortof

PessimismheheldtowardtheraPidchanges.Nodoubt15thatPeoPle

feIt50bewilderedwhentheycamecrosstheParadoxieal

PresentationoffutureracesinhisclassieworksashTeInviszble

九人王n,hTe乃me九了命ehine.It15obviousthatVerneaPPlaudedforthe

scientiifcPioneeringsPiritswhileWellsrevoltedagainstthe

advanceofscienee,andthetwoopPositetendeneiesrunthroughthe

wholehistoryofwesternSeieneeFiction.Consequently,twoPoles

wereformed:HardScienceFietionandSoftScieneeFiction.The

former,rePresentedbyVerne,foeusedmainlyonteehnological

imaginationwhilethelatter,rePresentedbyWells,caredaboutthe

teehnologicalinfluenceonthesociety.Howeverdaringand

meaningfoltheirattemPtswere,thegrossconditionsforScienee

ifetionoreationwerenotwellPrePared.Therewasstillalongway

to90beforeSeienceFictioncametoitsmaturity,

Bythemid一twentiestechnologyandsocietyhadbeenchanging

raPidly

.

ScientistshadlaunchedtheifrstroeketandwerePubliely

suggestingthatsPacetraVelwasfeasible.In1926asurgeonin

LondonhadcarriedouttheifrstoPerationinvolvingoPenheart

surgery,andtheBBCwerebroadeastingtoanestimatedtenmillion

worldwide.Aehievementswhichhadbeenseenasridieulousfantasy

adecadeearlierwerenowseieneefaet.Inordertostayaheadofthe

game,seienceflctionauthorscouldnotdaretowriteaboutthenear

futureortomergesoeiologyandseieneeintheirsPeculations.It

wasundersuchcircumstancesthatthegenrewasgenuinely

reeognizedbythePublicanditsGoldenAge(Probablyfrom19305

to19605)camesight.Greateontributionsweremadetothis

PoPularizationofScienceFictionbytwoeditors:HugoGernsbeck,石

whohasbeenlionizedbyhismanyfansinthefieldas“thefatherof

seien乙efiction,,,andJohnWCampbell,whohadshapedand

garnishedthesPecialform

.

CamPbellwasalmostsolelyfor

sweePingawaythePrejudicesandenteredthegenrewitha

PerSPectivebasedonlogicandmaturity.Hewasinterestedinthe

sortofscienceifetionstorywhichhadsomesubstancesaswellas

thrills

.

HewasnotaParticularlygreatfanofEE`Doe’Smith’5form

ofswashbucklinghighadventuresinthethirties,whiehdealswith

inter一stellardistancesandgalaxy一wideeivilizations,andheloved

b19,universalthemes.50homocentricwashisthoughtsconcerning

thePlaeeofoursPeciesinthegreatsehemeofthingsthathe

believedthatHomosaPienswasthemostimPortantlifeformon

Earth

.

Consequently,hewantedtodeveloPacentralcoreofgreat

scienceifctionwritersandtoleadmagazinewritingawayfromthe

nalveworldsof`Doc’Smithandgaveitabelievable,eoherent

framework.UnderhiseditorshiPhesucceedinnurturingmanyof

thei示Portantnamesofgenerationofscienceifctionwriterssuchas

1ssaeAsimov,RobertHeinlein,VanVOgt,TheodoreSturgeonand

HarryHarrison.InParticular,AsimovwasalwaysdeePlyindebtedto

CamPbellforthehelPandeneouragementhegave,whieh1shall

touchuPoninthefollowingchaPter

.

Asaresult,CamPbell’5ifrst

decadeatthemagazine15regardedbymanyscienceifctionfansas

theGoldenAge.SwarmsofelassicworkswerePromPtedtoaPPear

andaifxedmodel,whichembodiescomPletestorieswithsusPense,

1inkstoscientiifcdeveloPment,grandscenesandsome

PhilosoPhiealideas,wassetupforlateruses.Oneeannevermiss

theworksduringthisPeriodifhewantstoknowthenatureof

scienceifction

.

5ineeWWlleametoend,seienceifctiontendedtoshowits

deifciencybeeauseofthelackofethic。environmentalProblemsin

contents.TheGoldenAgegraduallydeereaseditsfreshnessand

brillianeewithtimeon,In1965,MichaelMooreoekwasalready

namededitorofthenew刃cw环左〕rlds,aBritishPublication,and7

beganitsconversiontheflagshipofrevolutioninseenece-

fietionwritingthatwouldsoonbecalled“theNewWave,,.New

WavewritersoPPosedmuehofwhathadgonebefore,bothinletter

andinsPirit,PartieularlytheletterandsPiritofCamPbellianscience

ifction

.

ThesPiritoftheNewWavewasiconoelastic,nihilistic,and

Pessimistie:novictoriesforthehumansPirit,nocelebrationofthe

eaPacityofthehumanmindtocomPrehendthealienuniverse,no

t一iumPhsoverincrediblediiffculties.Theworkswere

1InPressionistic,exPerimental,subiectiverenderingsofindividuals

traPPedinincomPrehensibleworlds,againstwhichstruggleand

evenattemPtstounderstandwereuselessandman’5bestchoieewas

5imPlytoaccePthisfate.Meanwhile,theNewWavewriterstook

effortstoborrowskillsandtechniquesusedinthemainstream

1iterature,tryingtoavoidthescientiifcdescriPtionsPoPularin

traditionalscieneeifction

.

Tosomeextent,imago,metaPhor,

psychologybecametheobviouscharacteristies.Thus,theNew丫vave,

accordingtosomecrities,hadbeentryingtomakescienceifction

discarditsownvaluesandtraditionsandbeassimilatedbythe

malflstfCam.

JustastheNewWaverevoltedagainstthetraditionalscienee

ifction,50didtheCyber一PunkMovementstartingfromthemid

19705againsttheNewWave.Manywriterswerenotsatisifedwith

thelatter’5comPromisingdoctrines,takingeffortstofurtherthe

understandingofscienceifetionandeallingforareturntothe

teehnologicaldeseriPtionintheirereation

,

Realizingthe

defieienciesofthetraditionalscieneefietioninliterarinessaswell

asinthereflectionofreality,theygaveequalattentiontoitsliterary

valuesinsteadofbeingabsorbedotherschools.Atthesame

time,thetransferencefrom“industrializedsociety”to“Post-

industrializedsociety,’intheinternationalsociety,theaPPearanee

ofReganism,thenoiseof“StarWarProgram,,,allthesefaetors

PromPtedtheauthorstofocusonthetechnologyagain

.

Obvious15it

thattheCyber一bunkmovementimPliesareturntotheinteraction8

betweenseienceandfiction,It15nottheendingofsciencefiction,

butanewstartonahigherstage

.

AscomPuterswerePermeated

theeverydaylifeandthecomPutertechniqueinereased,PeoPlehad

averysPecialmediumtofurtherthethinkingoftheworld.

Howveer,htewestenrscienceifctionhasswayedbewteenhardscienee

ifctionandsoftscieneeifctionsinceVerneandw匕115initiatedthetwogeneral

tyPes.Iteonsistentlytakesmaterialsfromtheifeldofscience,demonstrates

thetrailsofseiencedeveloPmentandthusbecomestheuniquegenreof

scienceera.Ofcourse,notallthePredictionswilleometure,andevenmany

Plotswortllwhilewritingwilldieoutwithtimeon

.

Butthekey15thatscience

ifction15orientedtowardthefuutrewllllehumanbeingsaregoinghaead,that

scienceifctionmayPutfowrardthePotentialsocialProblems,thinkouthte

Poteintalresults,andProvidethePossiblesofutionsandaPProaches.Science

ifctionmaybesortofPhilosoPhicalna扮e,ormoralsimPlicity,orsubjective

aesthetics,butintemrsofitsbestadvantages,itseemstotouchuPontheeollectivedreamsofhumanbeings,toreleasetheafntasiesofthismachine:

thehumanbody.Ingeneral,scienceifctioncanenlargetheseoPeofhuman

abilityintemrsofitsbestadVantages.9

ChaPterTWO

TheLifeStoryofAsimovandTheothers

OnAPril6,1992,IssacAsimovdied:notonlydidtheworldlosethe

thirdmostProliifewriterofalltime,butoneofthefoundingfathers

ofmodernseieneeifetion,Ameriea’5leadingseiencePoPulariser,

orator,incorrigibleflirt,writingaddictandlovablePersonality,To

many,Asimov’5ProdigiousoutPutwashisownfailing.Asacounter-

balancetohismillionsoffansaroundtheworld,therearethosewho

e1aimthatAsimovwas“ahack:asmart一arse,,whosimPlywrotetoo

manybooks.Toothershewasanunder一estimatedgenius,anarcane

giant,whohadtheremarkableknackofbeingabletosuccessfully

turnhishandtoalmostanything

.

DuringhislifetimeAsimovwroteoverfourhundredandsixty

booksaswellasthousandsofartielesandreviews.50hugewashis

outPutthatasinglePublishinghousecouldnotdealwithhis

Produetion,andthroughouthiscareerheworkedsimultaneouslywith

severalmajorPublishers

.

Yetit15oftenforgottenthatalthough

Asimov15bestknownasascienceifctionwriter,thelargerPartofhis

literaryoutPutwasintheifeldofPoPularscience,andduringone

fourteen一yearPeriodhewrotealmostnoseienceifctionatall.Aswe

shallmainlydealwithhisseienceifctionheritage,it15naturalto

ProbehismostPushingyearsof19405and505toobservehisgreat

contributionstothisgenre

.

DuringthesePeriodsthreeindependentthreadsofcreationareas

follows:

FisteometheGalacticEmPirestories,whichareallsetamidstaPan-

galacticeivilizationwherethousandsofworldsaresolelyinhabited1O

七ythehumanraee。markingthedifferencefromformerworks

PreoecuPiedwithred一hairedandgreen一eyedaliensPebbleinthes彻,

跳eStars,LikeDust,助eCurrentsofSPaceandhTeFoundation

rTilogyarehisbest一knownemPirenovelswhilethelastseemstohave

beenworthyofbeinggivenParticularattentions.It15noexaggeration

tosaythatit15hTeFoundationrTilogy,namely,hTeFoundation,hTe

oFundationandE刀ZPireand劲e刀econdOFundation,thatPromPted

AsimovinternationalfamewithitsmassivenessinscoPe,its

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