上 法扑

阌??

硕士学位论文??

论文 题

目

＿

?

多 元 系 统

理 论 视

角 下??

《

三

体

》

的 译 者 主 体 性 研 究??

革 语 语 言 玄 学??

届?

另

丨

Ｊ

?

２ ０

１

７

届

???

姓?

名

?

常 安 怡

???

导 师

?

邵 毅

???

上海外国语大学

硕士学位论文

多元系统理论视角下

《三体》的译者主体性研究

院系：研究生院

学科专业：英语语言文学

姓名：常安怡

指导教师：邵毅

2017

年

5

月

Shanghai International Studies University

ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSLATOR’S SUBJECTIVITY IN THE

BOOK OF THE THREE-BODY PROBLEM FROM THE

PERSPECTIVE OF POLYSYSTEM THEORY

A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School and College of English In

Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for Degree of Master of Arts

By

Chang Anyi

Under Supervision of Professor Shao Yi

May 2017

学 位论文 原

创 性声

明??

本人 郑重

声

明

：

本 学位 论文是在

导 师

的指导 下

，

本人独

立进 行研??

宄取得

的

成果

。

除文

中 已经加

以

标注和 致

谢

的部分外

，

本论

文不包含??

任何其他个人

或集体

己经 发表 或撰

写过

的

作

品 和 成 果

，

也不包含本人??

为 获得任

何教育 机

构

的 学位 或

学历而使

用过

的

材 料

。

对 本文研宄做

出??

贡献

的个 人或集体

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均

己

在文

中 以 明

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明

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本 人对所

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容??

负责

，

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意识 到 本

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学位论

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学 位论文使

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留

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使

用 学 位

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同 意 上海外??

国

语 大学 保

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向

有 关部

门

或机构 送交

论文

的书面版和

电

子版

，

允许??

论文被

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本 人授 权上海

外

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对 于保密

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按保 密

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学位

论 文作者

签

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签

名

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导 师 签

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月

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答辩委员会成员

主席：吴赟

成员：李美，董海雅

i

Acknowledgements

It is such a wonder to see how the two and a half years at SISU has changed my life. I

cherish every moment here and I have grown a lot. My heartfelt gratitude goes to the

professors of the Graduate School who enlarged my mindset in the realm of foreign

language and illuminated the road of life ahead of me, on which I have gradually found my

feet, especially my supervisor Professor Shaoyi who has offered tremendous help in the

whole process of my graduate days. This thesis cannot be achieved without her advice and

academic support.

I appreciate the kindness of my roommates as well. They create such a wonderful

atmosphere in the dorm for me to ease my nerves after a day’s research or work. I feel

much indebted to my best friend Xiao Nian who is always there for me and her insightful

suggestions make it possible for me to further polish and optimize my thesis.

Last but not least, I would also like to thank my parents for their care, encouragement

and backup in every possible way.

ii

摘要

随着

21

世纪科技领域的高速发展，许多人类曾经的幻想都已成为现实，对宇宙

及未来的探索却从未停止。科幻文学凭借其广泛的受众，如今在中外文学中也由边缘

化逐渐占有其一席之地，许多优秀的科幻文学作品更被搬上大银幕，以其空前的想象

力为观众提供着一场场视听盛宴，并间接推动着科技的更新与进步。而作为中国硬科

幻走向世界的里程碑之作，《三体》的成功不仅为科幻文学注入了新鲜血液，同时无

疑为世界了解中国科幻文学打开了一扇大门，进而带动了随后优秀的中国科幻作品走

向世界，如《北京折叠》等。《三体》的成功，一方面离不开作者刘慈欣超凡的创造

力和深厚的科幻文学写作功底，另一方面，该书的译者，美籍华人刘宇昆，凭借其双

语优势及丰富的翻译经验，为此书打入欧美主流科幻文学市场做出了巨大贡献。

目前国内对科幻文学翻译的研究多基于清末明初科技翻译这一翻译浪潮时的文

学翻译作品，局限于其时代性及接受度，通常以文学翻译的一支被提及，边缘化严重，

且停留在语言学层面的研究成果较多，尚处于完善过程中。作者在前人研究的基础上，

试图从文化转向的角度给予科幻文学翻译新的阐释，并根据译者刘宇昆在译本中发挥

的独特的主体能动性，深入研究科幻文学翻译中，译者在翻译多元系统内的中心地位。

此外，作者希望通过对《三体》译本的研究，为今后此类作品走出国门增砖添瓦，为

中国科幻文学翻译贡献力量。

关键词：《三体》；科幻文学翻译；文化转向；多元系统；译者主体性

iii

Abstract

The past decades have seen the rapid advance of science and technology, therefore

imagination of the future, whichpeople onlyfantasized or dreamt about, has gradually come

true. Nevertheless, curiosity or passion is never halted about the unknown of the universe

and the future. Science fiction (SF/Sci-fi), though in an inconspicuous corner of literature

in the past, is now embraced by more and more readers. Some of the well-acclaimed works

are even put onto big screen, giving the opportunity to visualize the fantasy while

promoting the further upgrade of technology.

The Three-Body Problem

, as the milestone of

Chinesemodern SF novels going abroad, opens a window for the western-dominated SF

world to share the Chinese SF achievements, by which accordingly, more Chinese SF

writers are inspired to introduce their excellent worksoutside. The success of

The

Three-Body Problem

is doubtlessly attributed to the extraordinary creativity and profound

writing skills of the author Liu Cixin. The cultural dedication of the translator Ken Liu,

however, cannot spare our eyes. Ken Liu has made the most of his bilingual advantages

and rich experience in SF translation, ushering the way for Chinese science fiction the

mainstream western SF domain.

Based on the technology translation peak prevalent by the end of Qing Dynasty at the

beginning of the 20

th

century, the study of SF translation in China, restrained by time and

acceptability, is always obscured and marginalized merely as a branch of literature

translation, most of which rests on linguistic level. The author, therefore, attempts to renew

the SF translation from the perspective of cultural turn and further study the core position

of translator in the polysystem of SFtranslation, and how Ken Liu’s subjectivity is fully

applied in

The Three-Body Problem

, thereby contributing to the course of Chinese

SFtranslation.

Key words: The Three-Body Problem; Science Fiction Translation; Cultural Turn;

Polysystem; Translator’s Subjectivity

Contents

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. i

摘要

....................................................................................................................................... ii

Abstract ................................................................................................................................. iii

Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2 Literature Review .................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Previous Study of SF Translation ............................................................................................ 5

2.1.1 Study of SF Translation History ....................................................................................... 5

2.1.2 Study of Significance of SF Translation ........................................................................... 7

2.1.3Systematic Research of SF Translation .............................................................................. 8

2.2Recent Study of Translation of

The Three-Body Problem

........................................................ 9

2.3 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 11

Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................... 12

3.1 Cultural Turn in Translation ................................................................................................... 12

3.2PolysystemTheory ................................................................................................................... 14

3.2.1 Development of Polysystem Theory in Translation Studies ........................................... 15

3.2.2 Polysystem Studies.......................................................................................................... 17

3.2.3 Significance of Polysystem Studies in Translation ......................................................... 19

3.3 Translator’s Subjectivity ........................................................................................................ 20

3.3.1 Origin of Subject and Subjectivity .................................................................................. 20

3.3.2 Definition of Translator’s Subjectivity ........................................................................... 21

Chapter 4 Translator’s Subjectivity in

The Three-Body Problem

....................................... 23

4.1 Translator of

The Three-Body Problem

................................................................................. 23

4.2 Translator’s Function in

The Three-Body Problem

................................................................ 24

4.2.1 Popularization of Science ................................................................................................ 25

4.2.2 Literary Identity .............................................................................................................. 26

4.2.3Value Reconstruction ....................................................................................................... 27

4.3 Translator’s Subjective Initiative in

The Three-Body Problem

.............................................. 28

4.3.1 Translator’s Cultural Standpoint ..................................................................................... 28

4.3.2 Selection of Source Text ................................................................................................. 30

4.3.3 Selection of Translation Strategy .................................................................................... 31

4.4 Translator’s Objective Passivity in

The Three-Body Problem

............................................... 34

4.4.1 Inter-subjectivity ............................................................................................................. 34

4.4.2Patronage of Modern SF Translation ............................................................................... 37

Chapter 5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 40

Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 42

1

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chinese well-acclaimed science fiction

The Three-Body Problem

written by Liu

Cixin(

刘慈欣

, 2008) is crowned with “Hugo Award

1

The author intends to probe the unique translator’s subjectivity in the translation

activity of

The Three-BodyProblem

from the perspective of polysystem in the background

of cultural turn so as to answer the question why translator’s subjectivity is in the essential

position of modern SF translation and how Ken Liu, translator of

the Three-Body Problem

,

brings his subjectivity to the full play in the translation activity. The innovation point of my

thesis: my thesis differs from most previous SF translation research in that it transcends

lexical context study on linguistic level, focusing on the cultural influence in translation

activity. Therefore, the author hopes to study Chinese SF translation in a micro sense,

for Best Novel in 2015” (The Science

Fiction Achievement Award), the first translated novel ever to receive the world best

laurel for science fiction, indicating that the history of Chinese science fiction has climbed

to its new peak.

The Three-Body Problem

is the first one in China that has ever got the

credit for science fiction in international realm. Nevertheless, with its origin setting the bar

so high in the western world, modern science fiction is striving upward at a relatively tardy

speed in China, especially in the subject of translation. The SF translation research thereof

stays a virgin land to be plowed.

Ken Liu, Chinese American science fiction novelist and translator, makes the most of

his bilingual identity and abundant experience in science fiction translation, infusing vigor

the translated version, shedding new light upon the translation of Chinese science

fiction and leading Chinese science fiction the global stage. In the research of this

milestone work

The Three-Body Problem

, the author finds that instead of firmly translating

based on the source text, Ken Liu thinks broadly and makes bold attempts, giving full play

to his role as a translator while making a difference in cultural exchange, which, to a large

extent, has left space for further exploration of Chinese SF translation.

1

Initiated in 1955, the Hugo Awards are presented annually by the World Science Fiction Society (WSFS), which also

sponsors the annual World Science Fiction Convention. 2

contribute to the course of Chinese SF translation and trigger some sparkles of

enlightenment therefrom.

Out of personal interest, the author has read Liu Cixin’sSF work

the Three-Body

Problem

and follows up the latest information of its English version. Authorized by Liu

Cixin, ethnic Chinese SF novelist and translator Ken Liu embarked on the translation of

the book and the final complete translated version for Volume I came out in 2013, which

has gained applause from both home and abroad. Since the novel won “Hugo Award” in

2015, domestic scholars have been carrying out research and translation criticism toward

the translated version. By combing through the related studies and research, the author

finds that most of domestic research rests on linguistic level. Therefore, the author intends

to study the translation version of

The Three-Body Problem

from the perspective of culture,

infusing a micro vision the study of Chinese SF translation.

By the end of last century, a new approach of translation study has hit the world,

which is known as the cultural wave. In the wake of this theory, challenges come along

with opportunities as for translators. From the perspective of cultural turn, the author

intends to solve the foregoing questions by applying the polysystem theory. At the

Translation Studies Colloquium held in Leuven, Belgium in 1976, scholar Andre Lefevere

promoted that translation study should not be subject to comparative literature or

linguistics, but should come out as an independent discipline. His proposal was reinforced

by British comparative literature scholar Susan Bassnett who depicted a detailed

framework and prospect in her work

Translation Studies

published in 1980. S he put

forward that even though linguistics is one important branch of translation studies, studies

of translation history, the culture of source language and target language and art of poetry

are of similar great importance, compromising the fundamentals of translation studies. In

1989, the International Translation Summit held in University of Warwick marked the

cultural turn in translation studies. Scholars have realized that with translation behaviors’

deep root in cultural structure, they are restricted by all kinds of texts and other cultural

factors. Thus, to nudge up the understanding of translation activity, we need to further the

study in terms of the relations between cultural elements and translation.

The cultural turn in translation studies, following the cultural turn of the general 3

international academic studies in arts and social science, has influenced and promoted

China’s translation studies since the 1990s and resulted in great progress in the translation

research in the country. By analyzing the source text and the target text in cultural sense,

the author intends to compare the impacts of cultural features in aspects of background,

publisher, ideology, etc., which is unavoidably in line with the theory of Even-Zohar’s

polysystem, one of the most prominent theories in cultural turn. Even-Zohar pointed out


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