厄休拉·勒奎恩科幻小说中的道家思想

分类  : 中文
作者  : 张蒙
来源  : 天津工业大学
卷   : 2017年第8期
发表时间: 2017.01.07.
发布人 : SFT

摘要:


正文:

分类号:H0

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胃:自雌,自親肖自械中的道家??

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Hp?作者姓名:张蒙

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指导教师:王艳

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元成日期:2017-日1-07??

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?.??独创性声明??

本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究了作和取得的研巧成果,除??

了文中特别加栋注和致谢么处外,论文中不包含其他人己经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也??

不包含为获得天津工业大学或其他教育机构的学化或证书而化用过的材料。与我一同工作??

的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均己在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。??

学位论文作者签名:含食签字口期::2?巧年乏月6日??

学位论文版权使用授权书??

本学位论文作者完全了解天津工並大学有关巧留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权天??

津工业大学可W将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进斤检索,并采用影印、缩??

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(保密的学化论文在解密后适用本授权说明)??

学位论文作者签名:导师签名:??

签字日期:>〇|?年多月日

?签字H期;年多月《日??学位论文的主要创新点??

本文选取厄休拉?勒奎恩的H部代表作品:《倾诉》、《一无所有》??

和《黑暗的左手》,结合道家关于宇宙、社会及个人修身等方面的??

主张,分析其作品中所蕴含的道家思想。尽管国内外对勒奎恩作品中??

的道家思想研巧己取得一定成果,但大多集中于作家的某部作品,或??

探讨作品体现的某方面道家观点,尚无学者从宇宙、社会及个人修身??

视角对其进行全面系统解析。本文视角在一定程度上拓展并丰富了对??

勒奎恩及其作品的研究。??Acknowledgements??

1?am?glad?to?have?this?opp曰rtunity?to?express?my?sincere?gratitude?to?the?people??

who?have?contributed?to?my?writing?of?this?thesis?in?various?ways.?First?of?all,?I?would??

1?化e?to?exp化ss?my?deep?gratitude?to?my?supervisor.?Professor?Wang?Yan,who?has??

been?very?generous?with?her?time?in?helping?me?decide?on?the?topic?and?improve?the??

content?of?the?thesis?仔om?the?outline?to?the?finalized?version.?Her?insi呂htfial??

sug?呂?estions?and?valuable?comments?have?contributed?greatly?to?the?completion?of?this??

化esis.?Without?her?help?a打d?support?this?化esis?would?not?have?been?accomplished.??

I?would?like?to?thank?Pro传ssor?Niu?Hongying?genuinely,?who?has?given?me?great??

helpflil?instruction?not?only?in?knowledge?but?als曰?in?other?aspects.?My?gratitude?also??

goes?to?all?the?professors?and?specialists?who?have?taught?me?a打d?provided?their??

spiritual?support?for?me.?I?am?further?indebted?to?all?the?scholars?and?authors?whose??

works?and?researches?1?have?consulted.??

In?addition,?I?am?sincerely?grateflil?to?my?classmates?and?行iends?fbr?their??

constant?encouragement?and?valuable?su吕gestions?in?my?writin呂?and?in?my?academic??

study.?It?is?化eir?generous?help?化at?makes?化is?thesis?a?化ality.?Special?tha打ks?should??

also?go?to?my?枯mily,without?whose?sustaining?support?and?encourageme打t?I?would??

not?have?become?what?I?am?now.??Abstract??

Ursula?K.?Le?Guin?is?one?of?a?few?science?fiction?writers?who?have?been??

recognized?by?mainstream?of?the?literature?field.?She?has?never?stopped?writing,??

cKated?a?large?number?of?remarkable?\\’〇化5:?won?numerous?prizes,?and?gained??

increasing?attention?at?home?and?abroad.?This?thesis?explores?the?Taoism?in?Ursula?K.??

Le?Guin,s?science?fictions.??

Taoism?is?the?essence?of?Chinese?culture,?which,?U)?some?extent,?has?exerted?化s??

influence?upon?the?western?world.?Under?the?influence?of?Taoism?since?her?childhood.??

Le?Guin?has?made?iMensive?study?on?扔〇?拆?C7?/巧各?and?translated?it?into?her?own??

version.?Taoist?notions?can?be?perceived?in?almost?all?her?works.?On?the?theoretical??

basis?of?Taoism,this?thesis?discusses?the?influence?of?Taoism?on?Le?Guin's?library??

creation?especially?on?her?science?fictions,?analyzing?Taoist?cosmology,?social?views??

and?self-cultivation?re打eUed?in?her?three?ma巧erpieces:?rAe?扼//柄客,77?^。姑;70义se义??

and?The?Left?Hand?of?Darkness.??

Key?Words:?Le?Guin?Taoist?cosmology?social?views?self-cultivation??摘要??

厄休拉?勒奎恩是少数化个被美国主流文学界认可的科幻作家之一。她笔耕??

不辕,佳作等身,获奖无数,受到广泛关注。本文旨在探究厄休拉?勒奎恩科幻??

小说中的道家思想。??

道家哲学是中华文化的精髓,同时对西方也产生了一定的影响。厄休拉自幼??

受到道家思想的影响,钻研并翻译了《道德经》,道家思想也在其创作中深有体??

现。本文从道家思想要义出发,阐述其对勒奎恩的影响,结合作家的H部代表作??

品:《倾诉》、《一无所有》和《黑暗的左手》,分析作品中蕴含的道家么宇宙观、??

社会观和个人修身观。??

关键词:勒奎恩道家思想宇宙观社会观个人修身观??Contents??

Chapter?1?Introduction

??

??

?]??

Chap化r?2?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin?and?Taoism

?7??

2.1?Taoism

?7??

2.2?Le?Guin?and?Tao?Te?Ching

??

?....10??

Chapter?3?Cosmology?of?Taoism?in?Le?Guinns?Science?Fictions

?15??

3.1?The?Origin?of?the?Universe:?l;he?Tao

?15??

3.2?The?Wholeness?of?Dualities

??

?20??

Chapter?4?Social?Views?of?Taoism?in?Le?Guin,s?Scie打ce?FicHons

?27??

斗.1?Interpersonal?Hamiony

?27??

4.2?Political?Harmony

??

?31??

4.3?The?Idea]?Form?of?Society

??

??

?35??

Chapter?5?Taoist?Notion?of?Self-Cultivation?in?Le?Guin,s?Science?Fictions

?39??

5.1?Virtues?of?Sages

?39??

5.2?Acting?by?Inaction

?42??

Chapter?6?Conclusion

??

?‘47??

Works?Cited

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?49??

发表论文和参加科研情况??

I??Chapter?1?Introduction??

Chapter?1?Introduction??

Ursula?Kroeber?Le?Guin?(1929-)?is?one?of?化e?most?prominent?SF?writers?in?the??

world?as?well?as?in?t;he?U.S.?With?rich?imagination,profound?implication?and??

ingenious?techniques,?she?is?considered?to?be?the?most?highly?respected?science?fiction??

writer,?only?next?to?Philip?K.?Dick,?within?the?academic?community?and?maintains?a??

high?position?among?genre?readers.??

As?a?versatile?and?prolific?writer,Le?Guin?is?adept?at?various?literary?forms,??

including?science?fiction,?fantasy,?realistic?fiction,?poetry,?essays,short?stories,?literary??

criticism?and?children’s?literature.?Duri打g?some?fi巧y?years.?Le?Guin?has?published??

seven化en?novels,?eleven?children’s?books,?more?than?one?hundred?short?Tories,two??

collections?of?essays,?five?volumes?of?poetr>;?and?two?volumes?of?translation?and??

screenplays?of?her?works.?Amon呂?them,the?£幻片片成幻?and?//幻/巧f‘s/??seque打ces?are?of??

the?most?importance.?Le?Guin?has?received?dozens?of?remarkable?honors?including??

one?National?Book?Award,five?Hugos,?five?Nebulas,?one?Kafka?Award,?one?Pushcart??

Prize?and?several?Lifetime?Achievement?Awards.?She?has?put?sociah?ethical?a打d?moral??

issues?in?the?prominent?position?in?her?works?and?gained?her?估me?beyond?genre??

boundaries.?Her?works?have?been?translated?and?brought?into?many?countries.??

With?such?stature?and?reputation,?Le?Guin?has?naturally?caught?considerable??

critical?attention?at?home?and?abroad.?The?extent?of?the?critical?in化rest?in?Lc?Guin.s??

works?is?very?wide,?with?various?critical?methodologies?adapted?to?explore?her?works.??

Studies?of?Le?Guin?and?her?works?can?be?roughly?divided?into?the?following?groups:??

The?first?group?is?biographical?studies,?including?Susan?M.艮ernardo?and??

Graham?J.?Murphy,s?JTrsn/幻底?Ze?Gw如..幻?0/"ca/?Co巧哗幻巧/〇巧,which?provides?us??

with?detailed?descriptions?of?Le?Gain’s?life?and?her?works;目arbara?J.?Buck打all’s??

edited?collection?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin,?a?summary?of?Le?Guinns?life?and?achievements??

wi比?a?chronicle?of?her?important?works;?Elizabeth?Cummins?Cogeirs?chronological??

listing?of?publications?by?and?about?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin?entitled?Le?Gain:?A?Primmy??

口巧^/?庇(:〇内(^幻/7

?which?includes?her?fiction,?poetry,essays,?as?well?as??

1???

天津工业大学硕±学位论文

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critical?evaluations?of?her?works.?Besides,?Charlotte?Spivack's?Ursula?K.?Le?Gnin?and??

Suzanne?Elizabeth?Reid's?/Vew巧"?巧客?幻?AT.?Ze?are?also?valuable?documents??

for?the?research?of?Le?Guin?and?her?works.?They?both?give?a?detailed?introduction?to??

her?life,?literary?career?and?artistic?ideas.??

The?second?group?is?gender?studies.?Feminist?s1:udy?accounts?ibr?a?iai’ge??

proportion?of?the?criticisms?of?Le?Gain’s?works.?Carl?Freedman‘s?〇9m’6T‘s-a//0巧化77/???

別//g?於?Le?Gw/7??coMains?a?series?of?inKrviews?with?Le?Guin.?in?which?"I?Am?a??

Woman?Writer.?I?Am?a?Western?Writer;?An?Interview?with?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin''?records??

her传minis1:ideasexplicitly,In^州办0各>7巧,y4リ?6/v幻/cHcc.幻w^/^扣7?口?//幻//0n加77?cZ与/???

//幻巧o/D幻r■知?N.?B.?Hayles?explains?to?the?readers?the?origin,?development?and??

performance?of?androgyny?in?western?literature.?In?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin:?a?Critical??

〇9巧解幻/7如巧,Susan?and?Murphy?maintain?that?Le?Guin,s?77?e?片幻?7(^?(:^/£)幻/古巧(?扣’??

was?published?on?the?cusp?of?a?femini巧?explosion?in?science?fiction?that?dominakd??

the?1970s.??

The?third?group?is?the?po化ical?research?of?Le?Guin's?works,?which?mainly??

focuses?on?her?77?e?ZXspOiUc文互cc/.?^打?^巧?/)/gw0化s?tZ/op/幻.L江urence?Davis?and?Peter??

StiWmdin's?The?New?Utopian?PoIHwcd?of?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin’s?The?Dispossessed??

collects?dozens?of?essays?exploring?the?themes?of?this?novel?in?respective?viewpoints??

of?open-ended?ut:opian?politics,post-consumerist?politics,anarchist?politics-?temporal??

politics?and?revolutionary?politics.?In?Personal?and?Political?w?The?Dispossessed,??

Victor?Urbanowicz?discusses?the?anarchist?dialectics?of?The?Dispossessed,?Similar??

Sadies?also?include?Donald?F.?Thea]rs?77;e

?〇/?5bc/口/-妃/6/7CC?/7("0打;77?c??

Ambiguous?Utopian?Dialectics?of?Ursula?K.?Le?Gim,?Philip?E.?Smith?IPs?Unbuilding??

Walls:?Human?Nature?and?the?Nature?of?Evolutionary?and?Political?Theory?The??

Dispossessed?and?Anarchism?and?Utopian?Tradition?in?The?Dispossessed?by?John?P.??

gre打na打?and?Michael?C?Downs.??

The?fburth?group?is?archetypal?巧udies.?Margaret?P.巨smonde's?77?e?M口別er??

PcUfenv?TJie?Psychological?Journey?ir??the?EaWhsea?THiogy?discusses?the?connotation??

of?protagonists,journey.?David?Ketterer,s?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin’s?Archetypal??

?‘fVirUer-Journey’’?md?Pet口:?Bf\空琶,s?The?Archetype?of?the?Journey?in?Ursifl幻?K.?Le??

2??Chapter?]?Introduction??

Gw/w?文户7cn〇??,along?with?Jeanne?Murray?Wa化er's?Afy从.左饼?苗///又/〇巧’如??

77??足每//?侃打^/〇/。口7'知化5*?.?explore?the?archetypes?of?winter,journey?and?myth?in?Le??

Guin's?works.??

The

?group?is?Aematic?studies.?Eric?S.民abkin's?公引en??//?/."",户W7/7.幻巧??

Point?View?in?The?Left?H幻nd?of?Darkness.?CA\‘Q\McGu.n-k's?Opliwism?and?the?Limits??

/>??77?c?丈分/?片幻/?^/?y/。口?古巧6义5’?and?Thomas?J.?Reming1:on’s?77?e?0//?er??

Side?of?Suffering:?Touch?as?The)ne?and?Me!幻phor?in?Le?Guin’s?Science?Fiction?Novels??

i*espectively?explore?the?multi-level?themes?of?Le?Guin's?SF?novels,among?which?the??

moral?growth?and?maturity?of?the?protagonists?are?repeatedly?mentioned.目esides,??

Taoism?is?one?of?化e?most?concerned?themes?in?Le?GuirTs?works.?77?c?扔口把?C々/"g?"5??

打t/的?//?e?iVove知?0/W?別//幻反.Lc?Gw/",?written?by?Dena?C.区ain,?points?out??

化at?Taoism?has?exerted?an?enormous?influence?upon?Le?Guin?and?that?many?Taoist??

concepts?are?manifested?in?her?works,?such?as?Tao,?Yin?and?Yang,?harmony?and??

balance.?Douglas?Barbour,s?article?on?Le?Guin,s?early?Hainish?novels,ff"T7〇/(?;7e‘s\s,幻巧^/??

Balance,?reveals?the?main?Taoist?concepts?in?those?works,?and?serves?as?a?thematic??

introduction?to?some?of?Le?Guin's?later?works.??

The?sixth?group?is?the?sUidy?of?Le?Gum's?writing?techniques.?Apart?fhom??

imaginative?description?and?ingenious?narrative?skills,?symbolism?in?Le?Guin's?works??

has?gained?most?concerns.?In?77?e?Fwe别幻.s?j你的片or?诉77?c?巧^?化/於厂肠/'iW??

is?Forest?幻nd

?77?幻??

?幻;?^/?Afore

?Ian?Watson?analyzes?the??

m巧aphorical?meanings?of?1;he?forest?in?two?of?Le?G山n,s?best-known?shorter?pieces.??

Victoria?Myers?in?\\的?Convenation幻I?Technique?in?Ursula?Le?Guin:?A?Speech-Act??

analyzes?Le?Guin’s?writing?technique?in?a?lingui^ic?peupective.??

Compared?wkh?the?s化dies?on?Le?Guin?in?the?West,化searches?on?Le?Guin?in??

China?is?rather?narrow?and?Umited.?Mo巧?of?化em?focus?on?反minism,?utopia?and??

Taoism?in?Le?Guinns?works?and?only?touch?upon?one?or?two?of?her?novels.?In?''An??

Analysis?of?American?Con化mporary?Feminist?Science?Fiction',:?Ye?Dong?makes?a??

detailed?analysis?of?feminist?ideas?in?Le?Guin’s?science?fi口ions.?Xia?Tongzhi's?^The??

Reflection?of?Taoism?in?TT^e

?糾棘tf,explores?Taoi巧?concepts?i打?Le?Guin,s?77?色??

Dispossessed,?Zhang?Wenhui?in?his?"The?Telling?on?the?Aka?a打d?Its?Taoism??

3???

天津工业大学硕±学位论文

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Implication'*?examines?the?influence?of?Taoism?on?Le?Guin's?literary?creation.?Zhang??

良oya?argues?in?her?"The?Harmony?between?Yin?and?Yang:?Study?of?Androgyny?in?Le??

Guin's?77?e?I巧?侃化幻从??公糾’■?化at?androgyny?is?化e?embodiment?of?1:he?harmony??

between?Yin?and?Yang.?As?for?Utopian?study.?Yu?Xiaoqin's?"A?Taoist?Utopia—An??

Analysis?of?Ursula?Le?Guin's?Conception?of?Taoism?in?The?Dispossessed:?An??

^7化/?/口"?and?Liu?Ying.s?'’Humanistic?and?£〇〇1〇呂!〇31?Concern?in?American??

Femini巧?Utopia?Novels',can?not?be?ignored.?They?both?elaborate?on?l:he?Utopian??

ideals?in?Le?Guin’s?masterpieces.??

From?what?has?been?presented?above,?it?can?be?seen?that?although?Le?Guin?and??

her?works?have?been?interpreted?and?studied?in?various?ways?at?home?and?abroad?and??

quite?a?number?of?essays?are?relevant?to?Le?Guin?in?China's?academic?journals,?most??

of?them?0打ly?concentrate?on?one?or?two?points?of?Taoist?ideas?and?repeat?each?other??

too?much?in?their?critical?analysis.?A?thorough?analysis?on?Taoism?in?Le?Guin,s??

science?fictions?is?still?inadequate.?Therefore,?my?present?study?intends?to?improve?the??

inadequacy?between?Western?and?Chinese?scholarship?on?Le?Guin's?works?b}'?carrying??

out?an?in-depth?study?on?Taoist?concepts?in?Le?Guin's?SF?novels.??

Research?questions?in?this?thesis?then?include:?What?cosmology,?social?views?and??

self-cultivation?notions?of?Taoism?a?化?revealed?in?Le?Guin's?SF?novels??How?are?these??

concepts?reflected?in?her?works??On?the?basis?of?a?close?reading?of?Le?Guin's?three??

mastenp\eces?‘inHainish?series—了he?TeHmg,?The?Dispossessed:?An?Ambiguous?Ufopi幻??

and?77?c?Zey??//幻巧分公幻this?s1:Lidy?will?give?a?compi-ehensive?analysis?of??

cosmology;?social?views?and?the?notio打?of?self-cultivation?of?Taoism?in?Le?Guin's?SF??

novels.??

This?thesis?consists?of?six?chapters.?Chapt;er?One?involves?a?brief?introdiK^tion?to??

Le?Guin?and?her?works,a?1?化erature?review?about?the?author?and?her?SF?novels?at??

home?and?abroad,?the?research?que巧ions,significance?and?layout?of?l:his?thesis.??

Chapter?Two?gives?a?brief?introduction?to?Taoism?and?ti*aces?the?connection??

betwee打?Le?Guin?and?Taoism,?especially?r幻0?把?C/7/巧容.This?chapter?presents?some??

basic?information?about?Taoism,?along?with?its?influence?on?Le?Guin?and?her?writing.??

Chapter?Three?examines?the?cosmology?of?Taoism?in?Le?Guin's?science?fictions.??

4??Chapter?1?In?化?oduction??

Taoists?consider?t:he?Tao?(l:he?Way)?to?be?the?origin?of?l;he?whole?universe.?All?the??

things?are?in?the?wholeness?of?dualities.?Le?Guin?integrates?this?cosmology?of?Taoism??

with?her?works.??

Chapter?Four?discusses?the?social?views?of?Taoism?in?Le?Guin's?science?fictions.??

Taoism?advocates?social?harmony,?noninterference?and?peace?fill?international??

relationships,?and?returning?to?the?original?state?of?the?society.?These?ideas?are??

represented?in?her?three?masterpieces.??

Chapter?Five?concentrates?on?the?Taoist?notion?of?self-cultivation?in?Le?Guin's??

science?fictions.?Taoism?emphasizes?the?virtues?of?sages?and?acting?by?inaction,which??

are?reflec?化?d?through?the?pro?化?gonists?of?her?thKe?SF?novels..??

Chap化r?Six?is?the?conclusion?of?t:he?化esis.?This?part?mainly?summai-izes?the??

embodiment?of?Taoism?in?Le?Guin,s?SF?novels,?respectively?of?Ta曰ist?cosmology,??

social?views?and?the?notion?of?self-cultivation.??

The?significance?of?this?paper?can?be?summarized?as?the?following:??

This?化esis?studies?the?Taoi巧?concepts?embodied?in?Le?Guin,s?SF?novels?from?a??

new?multi-dimensional?perspective,?interpreting?the?cosmological,?social?and?persona!??

notions?of?Taoism?in?her?works.?1?sincerely?hope?this?study?may?offer?readers?a?better??

appreciation?of?Le?Guin's?works?and?a?more?profound?understanding?of?her?art?and??

philosophy.???

天津1业大学硕上学位论文

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6??Chapter?2?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin?and?Taoism??

Chapter?2?Ursula?K.?Le?Guin?and?Taoism??

Taoism?is?one?of?the?most?influential?philosophical?schools?in?China.?With?its??

extensive?and?profound?thoughts,?Taoism?has?exerted?far-reaching?influence?not?only??

upon?Chinese?but?also?upon?westerners.?Le?Guin?was?fascinakd?by?the?ancient??

oriental?philosophy?as?soon?as?she?had?access?to?Tao?Te?Chmg?in?her?childhood,?which??

laid?a?solid?fbundation?fbr?her?to?implant?Taoist?concepts?in?her?SF?novels.??

2.1?Taoism??

It?is?generally?known?that?the?three?main?paiis?of?Chinese?ancient?philosophies??

are?Confucianism,?Taoism,?and?良uddhism,among?which,Con扣cianism?and?Taoism??

take?up?the?major?body?of?Chinese?ancient?phil曰Sophies,?and?are?often?compared?to??

the?two?wings?of?a?bird,?or?the?two?wheels?of?a?carriage?in?the?contHbution?to?the??

development?of?Chinese?culture?and?the?development?of?the?personality?of?Chinese??


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